In this case, you need to convert them to the same scale, usually between zero and one. In the decision matrix columns may have different scales. Indeed, for alternatives, we do not have a pairwise comparison matrix. For instance, if the convenience of an alternative is very high and your Likert scale ranges from 1 to 10, you can assign a value of 10. For alternatives, you can use documented data or assign a number on the Likert scale to each cell. Thus, we assume that you have watched these videos and have found the weights for the criteria. In the third part of the AHP tutorial, we also explained how to compute the weights and inconsistency of a pairwise comparison matrix. In that video, we explained in detail how to tailor a questionnaire for a pairwise comparison matrix. To design questionnaires for criteria, you can refer to AHP tutorial part 2. Find the closest distance from the positive ideal and the farthest distance from the negative ideal.Find the distance from the positive and negative ideals.Form a weighted normalized decision matrix.Form a decision matrix for alternatives.We will follow these steps in Excel, for example.

We have four criteria and three alternatives. You can see the structure of a three-level problem in this slide. When we say a three-level problem, we mean a problem with a goal, criteria, and alternatives. TOPSIS, or Technique for Order Preference by Similarity, is one of the MADM methods that can solve three-level problems.

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